Congenital Birth Defects:

• Gastroschisis and Omphalocele: Conditions where the intestines or organs are outside the body at birth, requiring immediate surgical repair.
• Cleft Lip and Palate: Surgical repair of the lip or palate to improve feeding, speech, and appearance.
• Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: A condition where the diaphragm does not form correctly, causing organs to move into the chest cavity, requiring surgical correction.

Intestinal and Gastrointestinal Disorders:

• Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC): A serious intestinal infection common in premature infants, often requiring surgical intervention.
• Hirschsprung’s Disease: A birth defect where part of the colon lacks nerve cells, requiring surgery to remove the affected section.
• Intestinal Malrotation: Abnormal positioning of the intestines that may lead to twisting, requiring surgical correction to prevent complications like obstruction.

Urological Conditions:

• Hydronephrosis: Enlargement of the kidneys due to urine buildup, which may require surgery to relieve pressure.
• Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR): A condition where urine flows backward from the bladder to the kidneys, potentially requiring surgery to prevent kidney damage.
• Ambiguous Genitalia: Surgical intervention may be necessary to address and correct abnormal genital development.

Neuro-surgical Procedures:

• Hydrocephalus: Surgery to drain excess fluid from the brain in infants born with this condition.
• Spina Bifida: Surgical closure of the spinal cord defect to prevent further complications and promote mobility.